1-dimethylamino - 3 - methyl-2(pyridyl or pyridazinyl) pentane and the corresponding non-toxic acid addition salts thereof

ABSTRACT

A COMPOUND HAVING UTILITY AS A CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT, A DIURETIC AGENT OR A SPASMOLYTIC AGENT AND HAVING THE FORMULA:   AR-CH(-R)-X-N(-R&#39;&#39;)-R&#34;   IN WHICH AR IS A HYDROGEN ATOM, AN AROMATI RADICAL WHICH MAY BE MONO OR POLYSUBSTITUTED BY GROUPS OR LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT OR A HETEROCYCLIC RADICAL, R IS A SATURATED OR UNSATURATED LINEAR OR BRANCHED-CHAIN RADICAL HAVING ONE TO FIVE CARBON ATOMS AND WHICH MAY CONTAIN A FUNCTIONAL GROUP, R&#39;&#39; AND R&#34; EACH IS A HYDROGEN ATOM, AN ALIPHATIC RADICAL HAVING ONE TO THREE CARBON ATOMS OR R&#39;&#39; AND R&#34; PLUS RADICAL OR A METHYLENE RADICAL AND AR ALSO INCLUDING A CYCLIC SATURATED RADICAL WHEN X IS A METHYLENE RADICAL.

United States Patent US. Cl. 260-250 3 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A compound having utility as a cardiovascular agent, a diuretic agent or a spasmolytic agent and having the formula:

in which Ar is a hydrogen atom, an aromatic radical which may be mono or polysubstituted by groups of low molecular weight or a heterocyclic radical, R is a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched-chain radical having one to live carbon atoms and which may contain a functional group, R and R each is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic radical having one to three carbon atoms or R and R plus the nitrogen form a heterocyclic radical, X is a carbonyl radical or a methylene radical and Ar also including a cyclic saturated radical when X is a methylene radical.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our 00- pending application, Ser. No. 686,722 filed Nov. 29, 1967.

The present invention concerns, as new industrial products having a therapeutic activity, compounds of the formula:

in which Ar represents a hydrogen atom, an aromatic radical, such as a phenyl, alpha-naphthyl or beta-naphthyl radical which radical if desired, may be mono or polysubstituted by groups of low molecular weight, for example, NH N0 C1 or alkoxy of low molecular weight, or a heterocyclic radical, such as a thienyl, furanyl, quinolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl or pyrimidinyl radical, R represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branchedchain aliphatic radical having one to five carbon atoms, which radical is capable of carrying a functional group such as, an ethoxy, dimethylamino or hydroxy group, R and R" each represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic radical having one to three carbon atoms, or R and R together with the nitrogen atom may form a heterocyclic radical such as a piperidine, morpholine or pyrolidine radical and X represents a carbonyl or a methylene radical.

-In addition, when X represents the methylene radical, Ar may represent a cyclic saturated radical such as cyclohexane or cyclopentane.

According to the present invention, the process for the preparation of the compounds of the general Formula 1 3,573,304 Patented Mar. 30, 1971 in which X is a carbonyl radical is characterized in that an acid of the general formula:

Ar(|3HC O OH R in which Ar and R have the above-mentioned meanings is reacted with a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride in order to obtain the corresponding acid chloride, which acid chloride is then reacted with an amine of the general formula:

RI! in which R and R have the above-mentioned meanings, and the desired compound thereby obtained is collected by usual means, such as evaporation of the solvent and recrystallization.

In a preferred embodiment, the various phases of the process of the present invention are effected in a suitable organic solvent such as benzene, the chlorination reaction is carried out at the reflux temperature of the reaction medium, whilst the amination reaction is carried out at a temperature between l0 C. and +10 (1., preferably 0 C.

The acid of the general Formula 2 may be prepared either by alkylation of an acid of the general formula:

ArCH -COOH (4) with an alkyl halide of the general formula:

Ha1'R (5) in which Ar and R are as defined above, and Hal represents a halogen atom, the reaction being carried out in liquid ammonia or benzene and in the presence of sodamide and at the boiling temperature of the reaction medium, or by alkylation of a nitrile of the general formula:

Ar CH CE N by the process described for alkylation of the acid of the general Formula 4 in order to obtain a substituted nitrile of the general formula:

Ar-CHCEN (7) which is then hydrolyzed according to conventional processes.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention the compounds of the general Formula 1 in which X represents a carbonyl radical may also be prepared by alkylating an amide of the general formula:

Ar-OJEh-CO-N in which Ar, R and R have the above-mentioned meanings, with an alkyl halide of the general Formula 5 by the above-mentioned process or with a mixed oragnomagnesium compound of suitable formula.

According to the present invention, the process for the preparation of the compounds of the general Formula 1 in which X is a methylene radical is characterized in that compounds of Formula 1 in which X represents a carbonyl radical, and which are prepared as described above, are reduced by the action of a double hydride of lithium and aluminum or by catalytic hydrogenation and the desired compounds are collected by the usual means.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, these compounds may also be prepared from nitriles of Formula 7 which are reduced with a double lithium and aluminum hydride, or by catalytic hydrogenation so as to obtain the corresponding primary amine which is then alkylated on the nitrogen atom with an alkyl halide of the general formula:

Hal-R or HalR" (9) ArCH -R (10) in which Ar and R have the above-mentioned meanings by employing the amine corresponding to the desired derivative, or by the action of an alkyl halide of Formula 2.22 mols of thionyl chloride are added to a benzene solution (100 ml.) of 0.73 mol of the acid thus prepared. After one hour under reflux, any excess thionyl chloride is removed.

Then a benzene solution (600 ml.) of the acid chloride thus prepared is added to a solution, cooled to C.,

' of dimethylamine (3 mols) in anhydrous ether. After treatment in water, the organic phase is washed with dilute soda. By evaporation of the benzene, a residue is obtained which is crystallized from isopropyl ether:

M.P.=110122 C. (yield=82%) Analysis.--Calcd. for C H NO (percent): N, 5.20. Found (percent): N, 5.22.

Certain compounds of the general Formula 1 in which X is a carbonyl radical and which were prepared by this process are shown in Table I.

TABLE I Empir' al M 1 1 Npemnt E c 1 P 10 O ecu 8,1 Ar R NR R formula weight Theory Found p. mm.Hg C. n

CsH5. I1-C5H11 N(CH3)2 CI5HZ3NO 233. 34 6. 00 6. 12 134-6/1. 5 1. 5122 elia.- n-CzHs N(CH3)2 n nNO 191. 26 7.32 7.63 121 1.5265 H see-C4Ha a)2 CSHIINO 143. 22 9.78 9.67 98/16 1 4471 4HaS sec-C4Hn N(OH;)2 mHw NOS 225. 35 6.21 5.96 120125/0.6 50

5 on the carbon atom in the u-position with respect to the heterocyclic radical of an amine of the general formula: EXAMPLE 11 EXAMPLE I N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-2-a-naphthyl pentanamide According to the schematic process Ar-OH-COOH ArCHCON (a) 3-methyl-2-u-naphthyl pentanoic acid was first prepared by the process ArCHzCOOH AI'(IJHCOOH as follows:

A suspension of sodamide (1 mol) is prepared in liquid ammonium, and 0.5 mol of oc-IlElPhthYl acetic acid is added thereto. After half an hour (i.e., until an orange coloration is obtained), 0.5 mol of secondary butyl bromide is added. The mixture is left under reflux for two hours. After evaporation of the ammonia and hydrolysis, extraction is effected with ether.

The acid obtained is separated by distillation.

(b) Then the desired compound N,N-dirnethyl-3 -methyI-Z-u-naphthyl pentanamide is prepared as follows:

N,N-dimethyl-2- (4-chlorophenyl) -4-methyl pentanamide (a) First 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl pentanoic acid is prepared according to the schematic process.

as follows:

An ether solution of 4-chlorophenyl acetonitrile (0.2 mol) is added to a suspension of 0.2 mol sodamide in liquid ammonia. After 40 minutes 0.2 mol of secondary butyl bromide is added and the reaction is continued for one hour. Hydrolysis is then effected in the usual manner.

The distilled a-alkylated nitrile (E /0.5=199 C.) is obtained in a yield of 65%.

The alkylated nitrile (0.1 mol) is then hydrated for 12 hours under reflux by means of a mixture of equal parts of acetic acid, sulphuric acid and water. The reaction mixture is then diluted with water and extracted with ether. The volatile phase is removed by 5% soda solu tion. After acidification, an oily residue is obtained Which is recrystallized in heptane: M.P.=115 C., yield=55%.

(b) According to the same schematic process as in Example I, the resultant acid (0.31 mol) is treated with thionyl chloride (0.8 mol) under reflux. After one hour the excess thionyl chloride is removed, and the residue in a benzene solution is treated directly with dimethylamine. After addition of water, the organic phase is decanted, dried and concentrated. In this way the desired product is obtained having a M.P.= C. and in a yield of 73%.

Analysis.Calcd. for C H C1NO (percent): N, 5.52. Found (percent): N, 5.46.

The compounds shown in Table II are prepared according to the process described in Example II.

TABLE II N percent Empirical Molecular EO./p. M.P., Ar R NRR' formula weight Theory Found mm. Hg C. at

I). NO2CaH4 Sec-C4119 N(CH3)2 CuHzuNzOa 264. 32 10. 60 10. 70 p. NHzCsH4 sec-C4110 N(CH3)2 C14H22N2O 234. 33 11. 96 p. NHzCaEh sec-C H N(CH3)2 H01 Salt CmHzaCl N20 270. 79 10. 35

EXAMPLE III N,N-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4 pentynamide This compound is obtained according to the schematic process Analysis.Calcd. for C H NO (percent): N, 5.95. Found (percent): 6.19.

EXAMPLE VI 1-dimethylamino-3 -methyl 2- (alpha-naphthyl) -pentane 5 This compound, which illustrates the preparation of APCHPCOIK HalR the derivatives of Formula 1 in which X is a methylene R" R R" radical, is prepared by the schematic process as follows:

An ether solution of N,N-dimethyl-phenyl acetamide R R (0.16 mol) is added to a suspension of sodamide (0.16 mol) in liquid ammonia. After one quarter of an hour a I I, I volatile solution of propargyl bromide (0.16 mol) is R R R added and the reaction continued for a further one hour. After evaporation of the ammonia and hydrolysis, extracas f ll W I tion is effected with ether. By distillation (E/0.2=135 0.1 mol of y y p p y C.) 18.5 g. of the desired product is obtained. Pentanamide P p according to Example is added c 1 for 1x10 (percent); N, 9 to a suspension of 0.1 mol of LiAlH in 300 ml. anhy- Found (percent): N, 6.96. dl'ous ether- According to the same process, N,N-dimethyl-Z-phen- After four hours under reflux, hydrolysis is effected. yl-4 pentenamide was prepared: E /0.15=137-138 C. After filtration, the volatile solution is extracted with c 1 f CHHHNO (percent); N, 3 4N-HC1 and the organic compound which is salted out Found (percent): N, 6.96. is distilled- EXAMPLE IV E/0.3 =l33l35 C. (yield=75%) N,N-drmethyl-S-drmethyla-m1no-2-phenyl pentanamrde AnalysiS Ca1cd. for CHHZEN (percent): C, 8465; H, According to the same schematic process as in Example 9,37; N, 5 48 F d c, 3445; H 931; N,

III, N,N-dimethyl-S-dimethylamino-2 phenyl pentanamide 537, was prepared as follows: Its hydrochloride melts at 224 C.

0.5 mol of sodamide was added to a benzene solution of Analysis.Ca1cd. for C H NCl (percent): C, 74.07; 0.5 l y p y acetamide. After two hours H, 8.98; N, 4.80; CI, 12.15. Found (percent): 0, 74.27; under reflux, the mixture is cooled to 40 C. and a ben- H, 9,06; N, 4,84; C1, 1Q, 13 zene solution of 0.5 mol of dimethylaminochloropropane 35 is added. The solution is kept under reflux for a further EXAMPLE VII four hours. Hydrolysis is e'lfected and by treatment of the organic phase a residue is obtained which is distilled 1-dimethylamino-3-methyl-2-[(5-chloro-2-methoxy) (E/O.25=150 C.) (yield=40%). phenynpentane Analysis.-Calcd. for C H NO (percent): N, 11.28. 40 Found (percent): N, 11.15. According to the same process as that of Example VI,

Certain compounds of the general Formula 1 in which 1-dimethylamino-3-methyl 2 [(5 chloro-2-meth0xy) X is a carbonyl radical and which were prepared accordphenyl] pentane was prepared as follows: ing to the process described in Example IV are shown in A solution of N,N-dimethyl (2-methoxy-5-c'hloro') Table III. phenyl acetamide (0.78 mol) is added to a suspension of TABLE III N percent Empirical Molecular EC./p. M.P., Ar R NRR formula weight Theory Found mm. Hg C. 11

0on5 CSHulSO N(0Hi)2 CirHg No 233. 34 6.00 6.05 l3l-3/l.5 1. 5128 CaHs C3117 iSO N(CH3)2 CraHnNO 205. 29 6.82 6.94 121-4/3 OaHs C4H9 see. N O C18H23N0 261.35 5. 36 5. 43 1379/0.1 1.5339

C5H5 IIC3H7 N(CH3)2 ClQHlONO 205. 29 6.82 6.89 124/2 54 CrH iso N(OH3)z CuHzrNO 219.32 6.39 6. 24 114 CaHs CHzCH2OC2H5 N(CHa)z C14H21NO2 235.32 5.95 6.18 134/03 1.5138

EXAMPLE V sodarnide in liquid ammonia and is then treated with 0.78 mol of secondary butyl bromide. After two hours, NN'dlmethyl 3 hydroxy 3 methyl 2 p hem/.1 pentanan nde hydrolysis and extraction with ether is eflected. By con- This Compound Was P p y the action mlXed 60 centration of the volatile solution, a crude product is ol'ganomagllesium compound on a Compound at formula: obtained which, after chromatographic analysis, is directly treated with AlLiH (0.69 mol) in anhydrous ether. After four hours under reflux and addition of water R and soda, the amine is obtained which is distilled: II as follows: E/1.5=l15 C. (75%) An ether solution of 0.5 mol of isopropyl magnesium bromide is added to a benzene solution of 0.5 mol of Analysls--calcd- 15 24 (P 6.7 N,N dimethyl phenylacetamide. After heating for one H, N, Found (P N, hour under reflux 0.5 mol of 2-butanone is introduced.

T he solution is kept under reflux for two and one-half After dissolving in ethanol and treatment with gaseous hours. After hydrolysis in a hydrochloric acid medium hydrochloric acid, the hydrochloride is obtained which is and extraction with ether, an oily residue is obta d dried and is then recrystallized in acetone.

which is crystallized from hexane M.P.=68 C.

(yield-=60%). M.P.=178 C.

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5 A mixture of 0.165 mol of the butane derivative, 0.5 AT (IJH CHZ NHQ' as Hows: mol of dimethylarnine hydrochloride, g. trioxymethyl- R R ene and 100 ml. amyl alcohol is kept under reflux with 0.2 mol of 1-cyano-2-rnethyl-l-phenyl butane dissolved in stlmng for 10 h 100 of is then added, 4 1 anhydrous ether is added to a Suspension of ()2 the aqueous solutlon 1s rendered alkaline with concenmol of LiA1H4 in 400 m1- anhydrous ethen After four 10 trated soda, extracted with ether and concentrated. The hours under reflux hydrolysis is effected, the voltaile soluresldue 1S dlstlned to glve the deslred Product! tion is concentrated, and a residue is obtained which is 3 175. 17 (yie1d=70%) distilled.

C. Analysls.Ca1Cd. for C17H24N2 (percent): C, 5 H, 9.44; N, 10.93. Found (percent): C, 79.54; H, 9.27; Certain compounds of the general Formula 1 in which N, 11.27. X is a methylene radical and which were prepared by the According to the same process 1 dimethylamino-3- process described in Example VIII are shown in Table V. methyl-Z-(Z-quinoxalyl) pentane was prepared.

TABLE V Elementary analysis Theory Found M.P. Spec- Empirical Molecular E C./p. C. irnen Ar R NRR Salt formula weight 0 H N 01 O H N Cl mm./Hg (dee.) n

1 o n, see cine NHz CmHgiN 227. 34 34.53 9. 31 6.16 84.46 9.47 6.14 140/0.2 1, 5 3 2 c 1 sec 0.11 N11 H01 O H gN 01 291.85 72.84 8.41 5.31 13.44 72.88 8.41 5. 39 13.26 3 CeHu sec C4110 NHz C12H25N 183.32 134/20 EXAMPLE IX Eb/0.05=137-138 C.

1-dimethylamino-3methyl-2-phenyl pentane Analysis. Calcd. for C H N (percent): C, 74.66; This compound was prepared according to the schematg Found (percent) 7444; 9'07; Process EXAMPLE x1 A -CHCHNH (1 di t E 1 VIII I I 2 2 (prepare mm Hg 0 Xampe 35 l-dimethy1amin0-2-(2-pyridyl)-3-methyl pentane This compound was prepared according to the schematic process It R 40 as f ll ArCH2CHzN HalR, as follows:

A mixture of 0.1 mol of I-amino-S-methyl-Z-phenyl pentane is placed under reflux for 12 hours with 0.5 mol of formic acid (98%) and 0.22 mol of 30% formalde- An ether Solution of dimeth ylam1no-2-ethyl pyridine g Solutlon' I of fi ig tlskadded (0.5 mol) was added to a suspension of sodamide in liquid Ore evaporatmgl 9 g d 5 He 3 g ammonia (0.5 mol). After two hours under reflux 0.5 i i utl8n.ren i g i mol of secondary butyl bromide is added and the solution gliltatigtl er. e 1-su stitute amine 1s 0 mm y isis reacted for two hours D I After evaporation of the ammonia, the solution is taken E/4:97 98 (yleld=%) 50 up in 400 ml. water and 400 ml. ether. The volatile phase, Certain compounds of the general formula (1) in decanted and then concentrated, gives an oily residue which X is a methylene radical, and which are prepared which is distilled: by the process described in Example IX are shown in T bl VI, E/0.3=85 C. (y1eld=81%) TABLE VI Elementary analysis M Theory Found E Cl E i l 1 1 D o i n igii Ar R NRR" Salt foi l l' fl l l H N Cl C H N CL rum-[Hg 0 14. 2 10.84 14.71 10.95 138-40 760 1.414 11:? Eiiidi6f gggiiiol 12 2.52 2. 21.40 57 92 2 2 i 215 31'133382iili 223 83%: flieHiiiner' eiieigem 67:84 12:20 5:65 'iifi' 67 81 11398 5157'11"1..........

EXAMPLE X 6 Analysis.Calcd. for C H N (percent): C, 75.67; 0 1 dimethy1amino 3 methy1 2(2 quino1y1) pentane N, 13.58. Found (percent). 0, 75.87, H, 10.91, This compound Was P p according [116 method The resultant base is treated in solution in ethyl acetate of pp y the Mahhich reaction to the 2- with the equivalent of maleic acid. The acid maleate is derivatives in the following a n r: obtained by recrystallization from a mixture of isopropyl y -q y butane. was st prepar 70 alcohol and isopropyl ether 1/4). M.P.=100-102 c. by adding 0.5 mol quinaldine to a suspension of 0.5 mol Analysis calcd, for C I-I N O (percent): C, 63.34; sodamide in liquid ammonia, and after two hours 0.5 mol H, 13; N, 8,69, F d t); C, 63,22; H, 7,88; N, of secondary butyl bromide is introduced. After evapora- 8.74. tion of the ammonia, extraction is eflected with ether and 1-dimethylarnin0-(2-pyridazinyl) 3-methyl pentane was distillation carried out.

also prepared in the same manner.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C H N (percent): C, 69.52; H, 10.21; N, 20.27. Found (percent): C, 69.30; H, 10.00; N, 20.45, and its monomaleate:

Analysis.Ca1cd. for C H N O (percent): C, 59.42; H, 7.79; N, 13.00. Found (percent): C, 59.39; H, 7.75; N, 12.88.

- The above-mentioned compounds according to the present invention were studied on animals in the laboratory and it was possible to demonstrate cardiovascular, diuretic and Spasmolytic activities of an interesting nature.

(A) Cardiovascular activity When administered by intravenous injection to dogs, cats, rabbits or rats, some of the described substances, in particular the hydrochloride of l-dimethylamino-S-methyl-2-(oc-naphthyl) pentane and the hydrochloride of l-di methylamino-3-methyl-2-cyclohexyl pentane cause hypotension.

However, other substances such as the hydrochloride of 1 dimethylamino 3 methyl-2[(5-chloro Z-methoxy) phenyl] pentane and the monomaleate of l-dimethylamino-2-(2-pyridyl) 3-methyl pentane cause lasting hypotension.

Substances having a hypertensive effect cause peripheral vaso-constriction shown by the amount of the supply of an intra-arterial transfusion effected under constant pressure on rabbits, the products being administered directly in the transfusion.

(B) Diuretic activity Some of the described substances have interesting diuretic properties observed on rats and dogs and have a bearing on the elimination of water and ions. This concerns more particularly I-dimethylamino-3-methy1-2-(5- chloro-2-methoxy) phenyl pentane hydrochloride and l-dimethylamino-(2-pyridyl)-2-methyl pentane monomaleate.

(C) Spasmolytic action Some derivatives have a spasmolytic action demonstrated on the isolated duodenum of the rat and on the uterus in situ, in particular l-dimethylamino-Z-phenyl heptane hydrochloride.

Some of these derivatives have been studied particularly, for example:

(1) 1 dimethylamino 3 methyl-2-(5-chloro-2 methoxy) phenyl pentane hydrochloride: its diuretic activity is shown on rats in a dose of 5 mg./kg. administered orally and on dogs in a dose of 25 mg./kg. administered intraduodenally. The product is hypotensive from 2 mg./ kg. administered intravenously on dogs and rabbits. It is slightly vasodilatatory. Moreover, it has a vagolytic activity: it suppresses the tensional effects of acetyl choline and vagal excitation and on the isolated organ it has atropinic properties.

Its LD is 115 mg./kg. orally and 25 mg./kg. intravenously on mice.

(2) 1-dimethy1amino-3-methyl-2-(l-naphthyl) pentane hydrochloride.

This product is hypertensive from 0.5 mg./kg. on dogs intravenously. It has a vasoconstrictor effect in a dose of 250 ,ug. injected in the artery whose supply is being studied. It has mixed spasmolytic, papaverinic and atropinic properties, the first being equivalent to 0.5 part of 12 papaverine on the isolated duodenum of the rat treated with barium chloride and on the uterus of the rat in situ: the second equivalent to 0.01 part of atropine.

Its LD is 15.5 mg./kg. intravenously and rug/kg. orally on mice.

These cardiovascular, diuretic and spasmolytic properties make the derivatives of the present invention useful medicines in the treatment of various ailments such as hypertension, circulatory disorders of the extremities, oedamas and spasmodic ailments.

The present invention also concerns the various pharmaceutical forms for administration orally, for rectal, parenteral or local administration and comprise one or more of the derivatives of Formula 1 and/or their salts as an active principle.

These pharmaceutical forms may be simple tablets, sugar-coated pills or pellets for intestinal or delayed disintegration capsules, solutions to be taken orally or injected, suppositories, creams, pommades or lotions and are prepared according to the art with suitable excipients for the selected form, such as talcum, starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, polyoxyethylene glycols, resins, gelatine, aqueous or oily vehicles, natural or synthetic excipients for suppositories, creams and pommades, coloring agents, aromatic agents, wetting agents, and various butters.

The active therapeutic doses depend on the subject and gravity of the case. In general, the daily dose taken orally by humans increases from 0.001 to 0.1 g.

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A compound of the formula wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl and pyridazinyl and nontoxic acid addition salts thereof.

2. A compound according to claim 1, in which Ar is pyridyl.

3. A compound according to claim 1, in which Ar is pyridazinyl.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,918,470 12/ 1959 Krapcho et a1. 260288 OTHER REFERENCES Wibaut et al.: Chem. Abstracts, vol. 50, pp. 5657-8, April 1956.

Cope et al.: J. Org. Chem., vol, 31, 100, pp. 3093-98, October 1966.

ALAN L. ROTMAN, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

